HiTech

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HiTech chess machine [1]

HiTech,
a chess entity (special purpose hardware + software) by Hans Berliner and a crew of assorted experts at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh - Carl Ebeling, Murray Campbell, Gordon Goetsch, Andrew James Palay and later Andy Gruss, Larry Slomer and Chris McConnell. Move generation and pattern recognition for evaluation purposes was done in hardware - With 64 chips in parallel. Search algorithm was either alpha-beta as well as B* (ACM 1993).

Photos

5-2a.Carnegie Mellon University.Berliner-Hans Ebeling-Carl.198X.L062302001.CMU.lg.jpg

Hans Berliner and Carl Ebeling, developers of HiTech at Carnegie Mellon University [2]

Quotes

Hans Berliner on the HiTech team [3] :

  • Carl Ebeling (now at University of Washington) built the special purpose hardware (Ebeling 1985), and a good deal of software relating to how to interface to the hardware and see what it is doing for debugging purposes.
  • Larry Slomer (now at PPG Industries) helped to build the hardware and maintained it after Carl graduated.
  • Gordon Goetsch wrote most of the system software that makes possible interfacing with the special purpose hardware, and has recently revised the software that supervises the search to make other searching disciplines possible. Gordon also maintains Hitech's statistics.
  • Murray Campbell has helped with the opening book, and has now implemented the Singular Search (Anantharaman 1988 [4] ) algorithm on Hitech. He has been my alter-ego when it comes to discussion of chess ideas, and what can be done to allow Hitech to understand this or that.
  • Andrew James Palay has been involved with early design issues, and recently had implemented the opening book in the form of a file system that allows greater ease of access, and modification.
  • Andy Gruss has now taken over responsibility for the hardware and is designing some new units at the present time.
  • I have been responsible for doing the pattern knowledge (Berliner 1988) and most of the opening book, and acting as moderator for the many fine discussions that we have about how to improve HiTech in the various areas that need work.

Achievements

[5]

  • In 1985 HiTech achieved a performance rating of 2530. It was the first computer to have a rating over 2400.
In 1985 HiTech won the ACM computer championship in Denver [6] .
In 1986 (June 17&18) HiTech beat the women grandmaster Jana Miles (2265), score: 2-0
In 1986 (July 6), draw with black against GM Michael Rohde in the Philadelphia World Open
In 1987 HiTech won a match against IM Laszlo Perecz (2355) 1.5-0.5
  • In 1988 HiTech won the Pennsylvania State Chess Championship after defeating IM Ed Formanek (2485)
HiTech defeated Grandmaster Arnold Denker (74 years old) in a match (3.5-0.5)
HiTech became the first chess computer to rated Grandmaster strength
In 1988 (June 23) HiTech drew a 2 games match against Manuel Apicella (2370) in Royan ; both won with white pieces [8]

Games

Match Hitech-Lautier, 1987

[Event "Match Hitech-Lautier"]
[Site "Cannes, France"]
[Date "1987.02.23"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Hitech"]
[Black "Lautier"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C07"]
[Opening "French Defense: Tarrasch Variation, Open System, Euwe-Keres Line"]
[Annotator "lichess.org"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nd2 c5 4. Ngf3 { C07 French Defense: Tarrasch Variation, Open System, Euwe-Keres Line } a6 5. exd5 exd5 6. dxc5 Bxc5 7. Nb3 Bd6 8. Bd3 Ne7 9. O-O O-O 10. Nfd4 Ng6 11. Qh5 Nc6 12. Nf3 Nce7 13. Re1 h6 14. Nbd4 Bd7 15. Be3 Bf4 16. Re2 Qc7 17. Rae1 Rae8 18. Bxg6 fxg6 19. Bxf4 Qxf4 20. Qe5 Qf7 21. Qxe7 Rxe7 22. Rxe7 Qf6 23. Rxd7 g5 24. Ree7 Rc8 25. Rxb7 g4 26. Ne5 h5 27. Nf5 Kh8 28. Nxg7 Rxc2 29. Re8+ Kh7 30. Nf5+ { White wins. } 1-0

Replayable game on Lichess with eval


Match Hitech-Apicella, 1988

[Event "Hitech-Apicella"]
[Site "Royan"]
[Date "1988.01.21"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Hitech"]
[Black "Apicella, Manuel"]
[Result "1-0"]
[WhiteElo "?"]
[BlackElo "2370"]
[ECO "C19"]
[Opening "French Defense: Winawer Variation, Poisoned Pawn Variation"]

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e5 Ne7 5. a3 Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 c5 7. Qg4 O-O 8. Nf3 Nbc6 9. Bd3 f5 10. exf6 Rxf6 11. Bg5 Rf7 12. Qh4 g6 13. O-O c4 14. Be2 Qf8 15. Bxe7 Rxe7 16. Rfe1 Bd7 17. Bd1 Rc8 18. Ng5 Nd8 19. Bg4 Rc6 20. Re3 Qg7 21. Rh3 Rb6 22. Re3 h6 23. Nf3 g5 24. Qg3 Rb2 25. Re2 Nc6 26. Qd6 Qf6 27. Rae1 Kf7 28. h3 Qf4 29. Ne5+ Nxe5 30. dxe5 Rb6 31. Qb8 Kg7 32. Qxa7 Rb2 33. Qc5 Qf8 34. Qd6 b5 35. Ra1 Kg6 36. Qb6 Re8 37. a4 h5 38. Bf3 Rb8 39. Qa7 Qd8 40. a5 b4 41. Qe3 Ra8 42. a6 bxc3 43. Qxc3 Qb6 44. Qa3 Rb4 45. Ree1 h4 46. c3 Rb3 47. Qe7 Qd8 48. Qxd8 Rxd8 49. a7 Ra8 50. Ra6 Kf7 51. Rc1 Ke7 52. Bd1 Rb7 53. Rca1 Bb5 54. R6a5 Bd7 55. Bc2 Kd8 56. g3 Kc7 57. gxh4 gxh4 58. Bd1 Rb6 59. R5a2 Kb7 60. f4 Rg8+ 61. Rg2 Rxg2+ 62. Kxg2 Rb2+ 63. Kf3 Ka8 64. Ke3 Rb7 65. Kd4 Rxa7 66. Rxa7+ Kxa7 67. Kc5 Kb7 68. Kd6 Kc8 69. Bc2 Kd8 70. f5 exf5 71. e6 f4 72. e7+ Kc8 73. Bf5 1-0

Replayable game on Lichess with eval


Description

1987

given by Hans Berliner in Some Innovations Introduced by Hitech [9] : 

HiTech is a chess machine consisting of:

A general purpose host computer (SUN 3) which provides a user interface, does search control, and has all the chess knowledge in the form of an Oracle, and

A Searcher made up from specially designed and built hardware (about 5 boards) to do fast searching and evaluation. HiTech can search about 175,000 positions/second and executes a full-width depth-first alpha-beta search using a Trans/Ref table (Slate and Atkin, 1977). [10]

1995

given in 1995 from the ICGA tournament site [11] : 

HiTech is a chess machine with special purpose hardware that is capable of evaluating 120,000 positions per second. The hardware is controlled by a SUN 4 workstation running either a brute force or selective search engine. Originally built in 1985 at Carnegie Mellon University, HiTech has since won several computer-computer and human-computer tournaments. Its primary purpose is supporting research into new search techniques. Active research includes a new selective search algorithm and techniques for automatically constructing better evaluation functions.

See also

Publications

Forum Posts

1990 ...

2000 ...

2010 ...

External Links

Chess Entity

Misc

lineup: John Hodkinson, Dick Morrissey, Dave Quincy, Terry Smith, John Mealing, Jim Richardson, Dennis Elliott

References

  1. ↑ HiTech Photo, a Gift of Feng-hsiung Hsu from History of Computer Chess from The Computer History Museum
  2. ↑ Photo ca 1985, © Bill Redick, History of Computer Chess from The Computer History Museum
  3. ↑ Hans Berliner (1988). Pennsyvania State Chess Championship - HiTech Becomes First Computer Senior Master. AI Magazine Volume 9 Number 3 (© AAAI), pdf
  4. ↑ Thomas Anantharaman, Murray Campbell, Feng-hsiung Hsu (1988). Singular extensions: Adding Selectivity to Brute-Force Searching. AAAI Spring Symposium, Computer Game Playing, pp. 8-13. Also published in ICCA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4, republished (1990) in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 99-109. ISSN 0004-3702
  5. ↑ Jean Paul Teyssier (1991). ECHECS A L'INFORMATIQUE. pdf (French)
  6. ↑ Carolyn Kelly (1986). Chess Playing Computer Wins Championship. The Tartan, pdf from The Computer History Museum
  7. ↑ Hitech - Lautier by Hans Berliner, rgc, April 19, 1990
  8. ↑ For collector : Hitech-Apicella games (1988) by Vincent Lejeune, CCC, January 22, 2000
  9. ↑ Hans Berliner (1987). Some Innovations Introduced by Hitech. ICCA Journal, Vol. 10, No. 3
  10. ↑ David Slate and Larry Atkin (1977). CHESS 4.5 - The Northwestern University Chess Program. Chess Skill in Man and Machine, reprinted (1988) in Computer Chess Compendium
  11. ↑ HiTech's ICGA Tournaments
  12. ↑ Hitech-Lautier Cannes 1987 (CC-History) by Vincent Lejeune, CCC, June 10, 2015

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