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Created page with "'''Home * People * Azlan Iqbal''' FILE:azlan_2011.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~azlan/|| Azlan Iqbal <ref>[http://metalab.uni..."
'''[[Main Page|Home]] * [[People]] * Azlan Iqbal'''
[[FILE:azlan_2011.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~azlan/|| Azlan Iqbal <ref>[http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/%7Eazlan/ Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional Universiti Tenaga Nasional]</ref> ]]
'''Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal''',<br/>
a Malaysian computer scientist and senior lecturer at College of Information Technology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional Universiti Tenaga Nasional] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajang Kajang], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor Selangor], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia].
Azlan Iqbal's research interests focus on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia multimedia] systems and the [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]] topic of computational [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics aesthetics] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_aesthetics Chess aesthetics from Wikipedia]</ref>.
He holds a Bachelor's and a Master's degree in Computer Science from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Putra_Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia], and defended his Ph.D. in 2008 on ''A Discrete Computational Aesthetics Model for a Zero-Sum Perfect Information Game'' at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Malaya University of Malaya], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur Kuala Lumpur], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia], and various of his papers on computational aesthetics of the Game of [[Chess]] were published in the [[ICGA Journal]].
He developed a computational chess aesthetics model and incorporated it into a computer program called [[Chesthetica]] that can be used to automatically evaluate the beauty of thousands of three-move chess problems in a way that correlates well with human assessment <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-machine-that-composes-chess-problems A machine that composes chess problems’] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], November 07, 2014</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Azlan Iqbal#Chain|Chain-Detection Algorithm]]
* [[Artificial Intelligence#MachineCreativity|Machine Creativity]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/i/Iqbal:Azlan.html DBLP: Azlan Iqbal]</ref> <ref>[http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/%7Eazlan/Research/ Dr. Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal (Publications and Research Grants)]</ref>
==2006 ...==
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Mashkuri Yaacob]] ('''2006'''). ''A Systematic and Discrete View of Aesthetics in Chess'', Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics, Vol. XXIX, Nos. 1-2
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2006'''). ''Is Aesthetics Computable?'' [[ICGA Journal#29_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 1]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2008'''). ''Evaluation of Economy in a Zero-sum Perfect Information Game''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/journals/cj/cj51.html Computer Journal, Vol. 51] No. 4
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Mashkuri Yaacob]] ('''2008'''). ''Theme Detection and Evaluation in Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#31_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 31, No. 2]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal|Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal]] ('''2008'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230855649_A_Discrete_Computational_Aesthetics_Model_for_A_Zero-Sum_Perfect_Information_Game A Discrete Computational Aesthetics Model for a Zero-Sum Perfect Information Game]''. Ph.D. Thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Malaya University of Malaya], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur Kuala Lumpur], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Mashkuri Yaacob]] ('''2008'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228764494_Advanced_Computer_Recognition_of_Aesthetics_in_the_Game_of_Chess Advanced Computer Recognition of Aesthetics in the Game of Chess]''. WSEAS Transactions on Computers, Vol. 7, No. 5
==2010 ...==
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2010'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228966225_What_Computer_Chess_Still_Has_to_Teach_Us_The_Game_That_Will_Not_Go What Computer Chess Still Has to Teach Us: The Game that Will not Go]''. Electronic Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (eJCSIT), Vol. 2, No. 1
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Harold van der Heijden]], [[Matej Guid]] ('''2010'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256477527_Research_Grant_to_Investigate_Multi-Dimensional_Aesthetic_Perception_using_Endgame_Studies Research Grant to Investigate Multi-Dimensional Aesthetic Perception using Endgame Studies]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG_%28magazine%29 EG], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Rueb Alexander Rueb] Vereniging voor Schaakeindspelstudie ([http://www.arves.org/English/index.htm ARVES]), No. 180, Vol. XVI
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2010'''). ''Aesthetics in Mate-In-3 Combinations. Part I Combinatorics and Weights"". [[ICGA Journal#33_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2010'''). ''Aesthetics in Mate-In-3 Combinations. Part II Normality''- [[ICGA Journal#33_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 4]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2011'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-24500-8_20 Increasing Efficiency and Quality in the Automatic Composition of Three-Move Mate Problems]''. [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-24500-8 Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2011], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science Lecture Notes in Computer Science], Vol. 6972, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Harold van der Heijden]], [[Matej Guid]], [[Ali Makhmali]] ('''2012'''). ''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6177652 Evaluating the Aesthetics of Endgame Studies: A Computational Model of Human Aesthetic Perception]''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Vol. 4, No. 3]] <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-computer-program-to-identify-beauty-in-problems-and-studies A computer program to identify beauty in problems and studies], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 15, 2012</ref>
==2015 ...==
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Matej Guid]], [[Simon Colton]], [[Jana Krivec]], [[Shazril Azman]], [[Boshra Haghighi]] ('''2015'''). ''The Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate: A New Approach to Computational Creativity''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.07058 arXiv:1507.07058]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2016'''). ''The Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate: Size and Quality Matters''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.06953 arXiv:1609.06953]
* <span id="Chain"></span>[[Paul Bonham]], [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2016'''). ''A Chain-Detection Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Grids''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03573 arXiv:1610.03573] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64594 Chain detection algorithm] by Jorge Garcia, [[CCC]], July 13, 2017</ref>
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2017'''). ''A Computer Composes A Fabled Problem: Four Knights vs. Queen''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00931 arXiv:1709.00931] <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/four-knights-vs-queen-challenge-2 Four knights vs queen challenge] by [[Frederic Friedel]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], 0ctober 02, 2017</ref>
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2018'''). ''Estimating Total Search Space Size for Specific Piece Sets in Chess''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00874 arXiv:1803.00874]
=ChessBase Articles=
==2009==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/can-computers-be-made-to-appreciate-beauty Can computers be made to appreciate beauty?] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], September 02, 2009
==2010 ...==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-computer-program-to-identify-beauty-in-problems-and-studies A computer program to identify beauty in problems and studies] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 15, 2012
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-new-challenging-chess-variant A new, challenging chess variant] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], February 02, 2014
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/kasparov-in-malaysia Kasparov in Malaysia] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 11, 2014
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/azlan-iqbal-introducing-chess-constructs Introducing ‘Chess Constructs’] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 29, 2014
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-machine-that-composes-chess-problems A machine that composes chess problems’] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], November 07, 2014
==2015 ...==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/computer-generated-chess-problems-for-everyone Computer generated chess problems for everyone] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], February 06, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/switch-side-chain-chess-revisited Switch-Side Chain-Chess Revisited] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], April 07, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/celebrating-300-machine-generated-problems Celebrating 300 machine generated problems] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 31, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/chesthetica-composes-longer-mates Chesthetica Composes Longer Mates!] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], September 07, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/azlan-iqbal-studies-and-a-decade-in-development Chesthetica: Studies and a Decade in Development] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 31, 2016
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/switch-side-chain-chess-for-android-and-ios What is Switch-Side Chain-Chess?] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], July 13, 2017 » [[Azlan Iqbal#Chain|Chain-Detection Algorithm]]
=External Links=
* [http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/%7Eazlan/ Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional Universiti Tenaga Nasional]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLhR2UYw6WiRdFa2ZqRZqJw Azlan Iqbal - YouTube]
* Computer Generated Chess Problem 00146, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zt9Bn3jn_4|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Researcher|Iqbal]]
[[FILE:azlan_2011.jpg|border|right|thumb|link=http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~azlan/|| Azlan Iqbal <ref>[http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/%7Eazlan/ Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional Universiti Tenaga Nasional]</ref> ]]
'''Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal''',<br/>
a Malaysian computer scientist and senior lecturer at College of Information Technology, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional Universiti Tenaga Nasional] in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajang Kajang], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangor Selangor], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia].
Azlan Iqbal's research interests focus on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia multimedia] systems and the [[Artificial Intelligence|artificial intelligence]] topic of computational [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics aesthetics] <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_aesthetics Chess aesthetics from Wikipedia]</ref>.
He holds a Bachelor's and a Master's degree in Computer Science from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Putra_Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia], and defended his Ph.D. in 2008 on ''A Discrete Computational Aesthetics Model for a Zero-Sum Perfect Information Game'' at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Malaya University of Malaya], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur Kuala Lumpur], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia], and various of his papers on computational aesthetics of the Game of [[Chess]] were published in the [[ICGA Journal]].
He developed a computational chess aesthetics model and incorporated it into a computer program called [[Chesthetica]] that can be used to automatically evaluate the beauty of thousands of three-move chess problems in a way that correlates well with human assessment <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-machine-that-composes-chess-problems A machine that composes chess problems’] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], November 07, 2014</ref>.
=See also=
* [[Azlan Iqbal#Chain|Chain-Detection Algorithm]]
* [[Artificial Intelligence#MachineCreativity|Machine Creativity]]
=Selected Publications=
<ref>[https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pers/hd/i/Iqbal:Azlan.html DBLP: Azlan Iqbal]</ref> <ref>[http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/%7Eazlan/Research/ Dr. Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal (Publications and Research Grants)]</ref>
==2006 ...==
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Mashkuri Yaacob]] ('''2006'''). ''A Systematic and Discrete View of Aesthetics in Chess'', Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics, Vol. XXIX, Nos. 1-2
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2006'''). ''Is Aesthetics Computable?'' [[ICGA Journal#29_1|ICGA Journal, Vol. 29, No. 1]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2008'''). ''Evaluation of Economy in a Zero-sum Perfect Information Game''. [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/%7Eley/db/journals/cj/cj51.html Computer Journal, Vol. 51] No. 4
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Mashkuri Yaacob]] ('''2008'''). ''Theme Detection and Evaluation in Chess''. [[ICGA Journal#31_2|ICGA Journal, Vol. 31, No. 2]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal|Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal]] ('''2008'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230855649_A_Discrete_Computational_Aesthetics_Model_for_A_Zero-Sum_Perfect_Information_Game A Discrete Computational Aesthetics Model for a Zero-Sum Perfect Information Game]''. Ph.D. Thesis, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Malaya University of Malaya], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur Kuala Lumpur], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia Malaysia]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Mashkuri Yaacob]] ('''2008'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228764494_Advanced_Computer_Recognition_of_Aesthetics_in_the_Game_of_Chess Advanced Computer Recognition of Aesthetics in the Game of Chess]''. WSEAS Transactions on Computers, Vol. 7, No. 5
==2010 ...==
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2010'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228966225_What_Computer_Chess_Still_Has_to_Teach_Us_The_Game_That_Will_Not_Go What Computer Chess Still Has to Teach Us: The Game that Will not Go]''. Electronic Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (eJCSIT), Vol. 2, No. 1
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Harold van der Heijden]], [[Matej Guid]] ('''2010'''). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256477527_Research_Grant_to_Investigate_Multi-Dimensional_Aesthetic_Perception_using_Endgame_Studies Research Grant to Investigate Multi-Dimensional Aesthetic Perception using Endgame Studies]''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EG_%28magazine%29 EG], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Rueb Alexander Rueb] Vereniging voor Schaakeindspelstudie ([http://www.arves.org/English/index.htm ARVES]), No. 180, Vol. XVI
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2010'''). ''Aesthetics in Mate-In-3 Combinations. Part I Combinatorics and Weights"". [[ICGA Journal#33_3|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2010'''). ''Aesthetics in Mate-In-3 Combinations. Part II Normality''- [[ICGA Journal#33_4|ICGA Journal, Vol. 33, No. 4]]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2011'''). ''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-24500-8_20 Increasing Efficiency and Quality in the Automatic Composition of Three-Move Mate Problems]''. [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-24500-8 Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2011], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science Lecture Notes in Computer Science], Vol. 6972, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media Springer]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Harold van der Heijden]], [[Matej Guid]], [[Ali Makhmali]] ('''2012'''). ''[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6177652 Evaluating the Aesthetics of Endgame Studies: A Computational Model of Human Aesthetic Perception]''. [[IEEE#TOCIAIGAMES|IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, Vol. 4, No. 3]] <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-computer-program-to-identify-beauty-in-problems-and-studies A computer program to identify beauty in problems and studies], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 15, 2012</ref>
==2015 ...==
* [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[Matej Guid]], [[Simon Colton]], [[Jana Krivec]], [[Shazril Azman]], [[Boshra Haghighi]] ('''2015'''). ''The Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate: A New Approach to Computational Creativity''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.07058 arXiv:1507.07058]
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2016'''). ''The Digital Synaptic Neural Substrate: Size and Quality Matters''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.06953 arXiv:1609.06953]
* <span id="Chain"></span>[[Paul Bonham]], [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2016'''). ''A Chain-Detection Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Grids''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03573 arXiv:1610.03573] <ref>[http://www.talkchess.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=64594 Chain detection algorithm] by Jorge Garcia, [[CCC]], July 13, 2017</ref>
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2017'''). ''A Computer Composes A Fabled Problem: Four Knights vs. Queen''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.00931 arXiv:1709.00931] <ref>[https://en.chessbase.com/post/four-knights-vs-queen-challenge-2 Four knights vs queen challenge] by [[Frederic Friedel]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], 0ctober 02, 2017</ref>
* [[Azlan Iqbal]] ('''2018'''). ''Estimating Total Search Space Size for Specific Piece Sets in Chess''. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00874 arXiv:1803.00874]
=ChessBase Articles=
==2009==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/can-computers-be-made-to-appreciate-beauty Can computers be made to appreciate beauty?] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], September 02, 2009
==2010 ...==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-computer-program-to-identify-beauty-in-problems-and-studies A computer program to identify beauty in problems and studies] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], December 15, 2012
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-new-challenging-chess-variant A new, challenging chess variant] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], February 02, 2014
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/kasparov-in-malaysia Kasparov in Malaysia] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 11, 2014
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/azlan-iqbal-introducing-chess-constructs Introducing ‘Chess Constructs’] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], June 29, 2014
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/a-machine-that-composes-chess-problems A machine that composes chess problems’] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], November 07, 2014
==2015 ...==
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/computer-generated-chess-problems-for-everyone Computer generated chess problems for everyone] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], February 06, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/switch-side-chain-chess-revisited Switch-Side Chain-Chess Revisited] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], April 07, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/celebrating-300-machine-generated-problems Celebrating 300 machine generated problems] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 31, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/chesthetica-composes-longer-mates Chesthetica Composes Longer Mates!] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], September 07, 2015
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/azlan-iqbal-studies-and-a-decade-in-development Chesthetica: Studies and a Decade in Development] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], May 31, 2016
* [https://en.chessbase.com/post/switch-side-chain-chess-for-android-and-ios What is Switch-Side Chain-Chess?] by [[Azlan Iqbal]], [[ChessBase|ChessBase News]], July 13, 2017 » [[Azlan Iqbal#Chain|Chain-Detection Algorithm]]
=External Links=
* [http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/%7Eazlan/ Mohammed Azlan Bin Mohamed Iqbal] at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Tenaga_Nasional Universiti Tenaga Nasional]
* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLhR2UYw6WiRdFa2ZqRZqJw Azlan Iqbal - YouTube]
* Computer Generated Chess Problem 00146, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube YouTube] Video
: {{#evu:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4zt9Bn3jn_4|alignment=left|valignment=top}}
=References=
<references />
'''[[Engines|Up one level]]'''
[[Category:Researcher|Iqbal]]
